Linking environmental and behavioural pathways in urban green space optimisation for well-being

This thesis explores the multidimensional optimization of urban green spaces (UGS) as a means to enhance health and well-being, integrating environmental, behavioural, and perceptual perspectives. A structured review establishes that spatial features, natural elements, and facilities collectively influence well-being, with biodiversity, greenery, and maintenance most consistently linked to restoration and stress reduction, whereas accessibility and amenities require supportive perceptions of safety and cleanliness to yield positive effects. Behavioural investigations through the "Moving Parks" intervention demonstrate that supervised physical activities in parks can improve subjective well-being and sustain exercise motivation, particularly among women and middle-aged adults, although seasonal context and measurement sensitivity moderate these outcomes. User perceptions further reveal that life stage and household composition shape visitation patterns—families prioritise accessibility and safety, while younger adults value variety and cleanliness—highlighting UGS as socially inclusive yet differentiated settings.Environmental modelling of a district redevelopment confirms the critical role of ecological design, with tree canopies reducing heat stress significantly during heatwaves, albeit with trade-offs from built density. Collectively, these studies position UGS as public health infrastructure where ecological quality and social accessibility jointly determine health outcomes. Future research should extend this framework to address equity, vulnerability, and ecological resilience, ultimately advancing UGS as vital connectors between people, nature, and the urban fabric.