Event reconstruction and analysis in the MUonE experiment

The MUonE experiment aims to measure the leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomaly $a_\mu^{HLO}$, due to vacuum polarization, with precision better than 1\%. The proposed method is innovative, based on the measurement of the hadronic contribution to the running of the electromagnetic coupling $\alpha(t)$ in the space-like region of momentum transfer. The relevant process is the elastic scattering of $160\,\unit{\giga\electronvolt}$ muons off the atomic electrons of a low-Z target. The M2 beamline at CERN provides the necessary intensity to reach the statistical goal in few years of data taking. This thesis presents a study of the performance of reconstruction and new developments. One of the main objectives has been the optimization of the tracking algorithm to improve the reconstruction efficiency and the angular resolution, which are the most important figures in the detector design. With the optimal configuration, first results are presented from the 2023 Test Run data, and final considerations are made on the future developments for the experiment.