Role of nuclear redox control, intra-population heterogeneity and oxygen tension in human amniotic fluid stem cells aging

Casciaro, Francesca (2019) Role of nuclear redox control, intra-population heterogeneity and oxygen tension in human amniotic fluid stem cells aging, [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze biomediche e neuromotorie, 32 Ciclo. DOI 10.48676/unibo/amsdottorato/9125.
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Abstract

Amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSC) are emerging as a potential therapeutic approach for various disorders. The low number of available hAFSC requires their ex vivo expansion prior to clinical use, however, during their in vitro culture, hAFSC quickly reach replicative senescence. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the aging process occurring during in vitro expansion of hAFSC, focusing on the redox control that has been reported to be affected in premature and physiological aging. My results show that a strong heterogeneity is present among samples that reflects their different behaviour in culture. I identified three proteins, namely Nox4, prelamin A and PML, which expression increases during hAFSC aging process and could be used as new biomarkers to screen the samples. Furthermore, I found that Nox4 degradation is regulated by sumoylation via proteasome and involves interactions with PML bodies and prelamin A. Since various studies revealed that donor-dependent differences could be explained by cell-to-cell variation within each patient, I studied in deep this phenomenon. I showed that the heterogeneity among samples is also accompanied by a strong intra-population heterogeneity. Separation of hAFSC subpopulations from the same donor, using Celector® technology, showed that an enrichment in the last eluted fraction could improve hAFSC application in regenerative medicine. One of the other problems is that nowadays hAFSC are expanded under atmospheric O2 concentration, which is higher than the O2 tension in their natural niches. This higher O2 concentration might cause environmental stress to the in vitro cultured hAFSCs and accelerate their aging process. Here, I showed that prolonged low oxygen tension exposure preserves different hAFSC stemness properties. In conclusion, my study pointed different approaches to improve in vitro hAFSC expansion and manipulation with the purpose to land at stem cell therapy.

Abstract
Tipologia del documento
Tesi di dottorato
Autore
Casciaro, Francesca
Supervisore
Co-supervisore
Dottorato di ricerca
Ciclo
32
Coordinatore
Settore disciplinare
Settore concorsuale
Parole chiave
amniotic fluid stem cells, nox4, prelamin, PML, senescence, hypoxia, heterogeneity
URN:NBN
DOI
10.48676/unibo/amsdottorato/9125
Data di discussione
29 Novembre 2019
URI

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