Effects of root architecture of different wheat cultivars on soil structure

Plant roots play a crucial role in maintaining soil health by influencing physical structure and hydraulic properties. This study investigates relationships between root morphology of wheat genotypes and their impacts on soil structure and hydraulic characteristics. Using shovelomics, we characterized root systems of wheat cultivars (Paragon, Bologna) and landraces (Senatore-Cappelli, Watkins238) selected for contrasting root morphologies. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was applied to examine soil pore networks at cylinder and aggregate scales, while soil hydraulic properties were measured using Wind evaporation and dew point techniques. Results demonstrated significant genotype-driven differences in soil morphology and hydraulic functions. Structural analyses (Minkowski functionals, percolation theory) showed significant variability in bioporosity and pore connectivity among genotypes compared to bare soil. Senatore-Cappelli exhibited notably larger biopores (>1 mm diameter). Hydraulic characterization using a van Genuchten bimodal model revealed statistically significant differences in soil water retention curves and hydraulic conductivity among genotypes. Root traits, including total root length, branching frequency, lateral root length, and root diameter, significantly correlated with soil pore size distribution and hydraulic parameters. This analysis underscores the importance of root architecture in modulating soil structure and water dynamics, highlighting the potential of specific wheat genotypes to affect soil health, water retention, and agricultural sustainability.