Research on a comprehensive evaluation method for asphalt pavement skid resistance based on tire–pavement contact characteristics and contaminant influence

This study investigates skid resistance of asphalt pavements through experiments, theory, and simulations, focusing on tire–pavement interaction, surface texture, and contaminant effects. Tire–pavement friction is composed of adhesion, elastic deformation, micro-cutting, and intermolecular forces, with adhesion dominating under dry conditions but greatly reduced by water or pollutants. A high-precision pressure film system was used to analyze tire–pavement stress, revealing that contact area and stress distribution depend on pavement texture, load, tire pressure, and camber angle. A Boltzmann distribution model showed strong correlation between stress distribution and macrotexture depth. Texture analysis using 3D scanning and image processing found that open-graded pavements, coarse aggregates, and deeper, more uniform textures enhance skid resistance, though long-term wear reduces performance until it stabilizes. Hazardous spill tests demonstrated severe impacts: engine oil reduced friction by up to 71% due to lubrication and retention, while gasoline and diesel dissolved asphalt, degrading texture; brake fluid strongly adsorbed to aggregates. Molecular dynamics simulations explained how pollutants disrupt interfacial adhesion. Based on these findings, a predictive evaluation model was developed, integrating contact mechanics, texture features, and contaminant effects. The model accurately predicts friction coefficients under various conditions, providing practical value for skid resistance assessment and contamination risk management.