Numerical approaches to slope analysis: stability and collapse dynamics

In the last decades, growing attention has been devoted to the phenomenon of landslides, due to their increasing frequency and impact on both human lives and infrastructure. Within this context, slope stability analysis has become a key tool in order to prevent and mitigate landslide damage. This work presents a comprehensive investigation into slope stability analysis, applying different algorithms across a variety of environmental settings. Here, two numerical methods are employed: the Second Order Cone Programming Finite Element Method (SOCP-FEM) and the more traditional Limit Equilibrium Method in its Minimum Lithostatic Deviation (MLD) formulation. Their application to diverse geological settings is illustrated, particularly in synthetic slopes and real-case scenarios such as the seabed stability analysis offshore Vado Ligure, the Tavernola landslide near Lake Iseo and the Salse del Dragone mud volcano (all found in the Italian territory). A novel strategy for determining the sliding surface is introduced, developed initially in a synthetic case and subsequently tested in the real-case scenario of the Tavernola landslide, which poses a potential risk of collapsing into Lake Iseo. Furthermore, we developed a Proof of Concept to link stability analysis with landslide dynamics and the generation of waves, addressing the multi-hazard risks associated with landslide events in lake environments. Additionally, the first comprehensive study of the Salse del Dragone mud volcano is outlined, integrating field surveys, seismic characterization, and stability analysis. This thesis provides a structured methodology for addressing uncertainties inherent in slope stability analysis across diverse and data-limited environments. By integrating advanced numerical methods and developing a novel strategy for sliding surface determination, this work offers a flexible approach adaptable to various geological settings. The developed methodology enhances the understanding of multi-hazard risks, such as those associated with landslides in lake and offshore settings, supporting a more comprehensive and reliable assessment of slope stability.