The role of innovation systems in the development of a circular and sustainable bioeconomy

Innovation is central to the bioeconomy, as emphasized in key definitions (e.g., Global Bioeconomy Summit, European Commission). Despite its importance, the bioeconomy innovation literature lacks original frameworks. This PhD thesis advances the study of Knowledge and Innovation Systems for the Bioeconomy (KISB), adapting the Innovation Systems (IS) model to this field. The KISB framework was developed in three steps. First, a systemic literature review identified its scope and key characteristics. Second, using the Italian bioeconomy as a case study, we analysed the impact of EU innovation policies (e.g., FP research projects) on knowledge and innovation networks. Third, we examined the relationships and information flow within the Italian KISB. Findings suggest that the KISB framework is useful for both policy and business. In Italy, the network is dominated by public research institutes and universities, while private companies, public entities, and other actors (e.g., associations, and foundations) have more peripheral roles. Only select entities from these groups hold influential positions within the network. Public bodies are the dominant component, with research institutions playing a subordinate role and private companies acting as interactive components. Regarding information flow, no intermediaries or connectors were found. Instead, two main groups emerged: promoters (private companies, public bodies, and other entities) and the target group (higher education and research institutes). Policy recommendations include: establishing a central body for scientific and technological policy (e.g., strengthening the National Bioeconomy Coordination Group) with effective communication channels, fostering learning and knowledge-sharing, and supporting commercialization grants, investments, and entrepreneurship.