Scifoni, Silvia
(2012)
Reconstruction of Etna recent flank eruptions
for assessing diversion barrier project, [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna.
Dottorato di ricerca in
Geofisica, 24 Ciclo. DOI 10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/4278.
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Abstract
The thesis contributed to the volcanic hazard assessment through the reconstruction
of some historical flank eruptions of Etna in order to obtain quantitative data (volumes, effusion rates, etc.) for characterizing the recent effusive activity, quantifying
the impact on the territory and defining mitigation actions for reducing the volcanic risk as for example containment barriers. The reconstruction was based on a quantitative approach using data extracted from aerial photographs
and topographic maps. The approach allows to obtain the temporal evolution of the lava flow field and estimating the Time Average Discharge Rate (TADR) by dividing the volume emplaced over a given time interval for the corresponding duration. The analysis concerned the 2001, 1981 and 1928 Etna eruptions. The choice of these events is linked to their impact on inhabited areas. The results of the analysis showed an extraordinarily high effusion rate
for the 1981 and 1928 eruptions (over 600 m^3/s), unusual for Etna eruptions. For the 1981 Etna eruption an eruptive model was proposed to explain the high discharge rate. The obtained TADRs were used as input data for simulations of the propagation of the lava flows for evaluating different scenarios of volcanic hazard and analyse different mitigation actions against lava flow invasion. It was experienced how numerical simulations could be adopted for evaluating the effectiveness of barrier construction and for supporting their optimal design. In particular, the gabions were proposed as an improvement for the construction of barriers with respect to the earthen barriers. The gabion barriers allow to create easily modular
structures reducing the handled volumes and the intervention time. For evaluating operational constrain an experimental test was carried out to test the filling of the
gabions with volcanic rock and evaluating their deformation during transport and placement.
Abstract
The thesis contributed to the volcanic hazard assessment through the reconstruction
of some historical flank eruptions of Etna in order to obtain quantitative data (volumes, effusion rates, etc.) for characterizing the recent effusive activity, quantifying
the impact on the territory and defining mitigation actions for reducing the volcanic risk as for example containment barriers. The reconstruction was based on a quantitative approach using data extracted from aerial photographs
and topographic maps. The approach allows to obtain the temporal evolution of the lava flow field and estimating the Time Average Discharge Rate (TADR) by dividing the volume emplaced over a given time interval for the corresponding duration. The analysis concerned the 2001, 1981 and 1928 Etna eruptions. The choice of these events is linked to their impact on inhabited areas. The results of the analysis showed an extraordinarily high effusion rate
for the 1981 and 1928 eruptions (over 600 m^3/s), unusual for Etna eruptions. For the 1981 Etna eruption an eruptive model was proposed to explain the high discharge rate. The obtained TADRs were used as input data for simulations of the propagation of the lava flows for evaluating different scenarios of volcanic hazard and analyse different mitigation actions against lava flow invasion. It was experienced how numerical simulations could be adopted for evaluating the effectiveness of barrier construction and for supporting their optimal design. In particular, the gabions were proposed as an improvement for the construction of barriers with respect to the earthen barriers. The gabion barriers allow to create easily modular
structures reducing the handled volumes and the intervention time. For evaluating operational constrain an experimental test was carried out to test the filling of the
gabions with volcanic rock and evaluating their deformation during transport and placement.
Tipologia del documento
Tesi di dottorato
Autore
Scifoni, Silvia
Supervisore
Co-supervisore
Dottorato di ricerca
Scuola di dottorato
Scienze matematiche, fisiche ed astronomiche
Ciclo
24
Coordinatore
Settore disciplinare
Settore concorsuale
Parole chiave
Etna flank eruptions, discharge rate, lava flow reconstruction, volcanic hazard, lava barrier
URN:NBN
DOI
10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/4278
Data di discussione
16 Marzo 2012
URI
Altri metadati
Tipologia del documento
Tesi di dottorato
Autore
Scifoni, Silvia
Supervisore
Co-supervisore
Dottorato di ricerca
Scuola di dottorato
Scienze matematiche, fisiche ed astronomiche
Ciclo
24
Coordinatore
Settore disciplinare
Settore concorsuale
Parole chiave
Etna flank eruptions, discharge rate, lava flow reconstruction, volcanic hazard, lava barrier
URN:NBN
DOI
10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/4278
Data di discussione
16 Marzo 2012
URI
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