Modelling and experimental characterization of power-to-gas-to-power systems for green hydrogen production

The decarbonization of the global energy system requires not only the expansion of renewable generation but also the development of reliable, long-duration energy storage pathways capable of reconciling temporal and spatial mismatches between production and demand. Within this context, hydrogen has emerged as a strategic vector, offering flexibility to connect the electricity, heat, transport, and industrial sectors. However, its deployment remains limited by the complexity of integrating heterogeneous technologies - electrolyzers, storage systems, and fuel cells - into coherent, efficient, and economically viable architectures. This doctoral work investigates the role of hydrogen within integrated Power-to-Gas-to-Power (P2G2P) frameworks, adopting a system-level perspective that bridges the scale of single components with that of complete energy networks. Rather than pursuing the invention of new devices, the research focuses on understanding how existing hydrogen technologies can interact more efficiently and coherently, identifying the operational conditions, control strategies, and modelling approaches that enable their optimal integration. The ultimate goal is to transform laboratory-scale understanding into actionable knowledge for system design and operation.