Utilizzo di dispositivi magnetici nel trattamento della patologia artrosica del ginocchio

Russo, Alessandro (2009) Utilizzo di dispositivi magnetici nel trattamento della patologia artrosica del ginocchio, [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dottorato di ricerca in Discipline delle attività motorie e sportive, 21 Ciclo. DOI 10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/2070.
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Abstract

The use of scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (TE) is increasing due to their efficacy in helping the body rebuild damaged or diseased tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the most suitable bioactive ceramic to be used in orthopaedic reconstruction since it replicates the mineral component of the hard tissues, and it has therefore excellent biocompatibility properties. The temporal and spatial control of the tissue regeneration process is the limit to be overcome in order to treat large bone and osteochondral defects. In this thesis we describe the realization of a magnetic scaffolds able to attract and take up growth factors or other bio-agents in vivo via a driving magnetic force. This concept involves the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) functionalized with selected growth factors or stem cells. These functionalized MNP act as shuttles transporting the bio-agents towards and inside the scaffold under the effect of the magnetic field, enhancing the control of tissue regeneration processes. This scaffold can be imagined as a fixed “station” that provides a unique possibility to adjust the scaffold activity to the specific needs of the healing tissue. Synthetic bone graft substitutes, made of collagen or biomineralized collagen (i.e. biomimetic Hydroxyapatite/collagen composites) were used as starting materials for the fabrication of magnetic scaffolds. These materials are routinely used clinically to replace damaged or diseased cartilaginous or bone tissue. Our magnetization technique is based on a dip-coating process consisting in the infilling of biologically inspired porous scaffolds with aqueous biocompatible ferrofluids’ suspensions. In this technique, the specific interconnected porosity of the scaffolds allows the ferrofluids to be drawn inside the structure by capillarity. A subsequent freeze-drying process allows the solvent elimination while keeping very nearly the original shape and porosity of the scaffolds. The remaining magnetic nanoparticles, which are trapped in the structure, lead to the magnetization of the HA/Collagen scaffold. We demonstrate here the possibility to magnetize commercially available scaffolds up to magnetization values that are used in drug delivery processes. The preliminary biocompatibility test showed that the investigated scaffolds provide a suitable micro-environment for cells. The biocompatibility of scaffold facilitates the growth and proliferation of osteogenic cells.

Abstract
Tipologia del documento
Tesi di dottorato
Autore
Russo, Alessandro
Supervisore
Dottorato di ricerca
Scuola di dottorato
Scienze biologiche, biomediche e biotecnologiche
Ciclo
21
Coordinatore
Settore disciplinare
Settore concorsuale
Parole chiave
ingegneria tissutale scaffold magnetismo
URN:NBN
DOI
10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/2070
Data di discussione
18 Giugno 2009
URI

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