Advancing digital healthcare research and machine learning-aided knowledge extraction amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Golinelli, Davide (2024) Advancing digital healthcare research and machine learning-aided knowledge extraction amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze mediche generali e scienze dei servizi, 36 Ciclo. DOI 10.48676/unibo/amsdottorato/11194.
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Abstract

The rapid progression of biomedical research coupled with the explosion of scientific literature has generated an exigent need for efficient and reliable systems of knowledge extraction. This dissertation contends with this challenge through a concentrated investigation of digital health, Artificial Intelligence, and specifically Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing's (NLP) potential to expedite systematic literature reviews and refine the knowledge extraction process. The surge of COVID-19 complicated the efforts of scientists, policymakers, and medical professionals in identifying pertinent articles and assessing their scientific validity. This thesis presents a substantial solution in the form of the COKE Project, an initiative that interlaces machine reading with the rigorous protocols of Evidence-Based Medicine to streamline knowledge extraction. In the framework of the COKE (“COVID-19 Knowledge Extraction framework for next-generation discovery science”) Project, this thesis aims to underscore the capacity of machine reading to create knowledge graphs from scientific texts. The project is remarkable for its innovative use of NLP techniques such as a BERT + bi-LSTM language model. This combination is employed to detect and categorize elements within medical abstracts, thereby enhancing the systematic literature review process. The COKE project's outcomes show that NLP, when used in a judiciously structured manner, can significantly reduce the time and effort required to produce medical guidelines. These findings are particularly salient during times of medical emergency, like the COVID-19 pandemic, when quick and accurate research results are critical.

Abstract
Tipologia del documento
Tesi di dottorato
Autore
Golinelli, Davide
Supervisore
Dottorato di ricerca
Ciclo
36
Coordinatore
Settore disciplinare
Settore concorsuale
Parole chiave
COVID-19; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Knowledge Extraction; Systematic literature review; NLP
URN:NBN
DOI
10.48676/unibo/amsdottorato/11194
Data di discussione
5 Aprile 2024
URI

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